At&t Business Fiber Customer Service – “Fiber broadband” redirects here. For the overhead version of data and internet transmission, see Broadband over power lines.
FTTB, FTTC, FTTD, FTTH, FTTK, FTTN and FTTP all redirect here. For airports with those ICAO codes, see List of airports in Chad.
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A schematic illustrating how FTTX (Node, Curb, Building, Home) architectures differ with respect to the distance between the optical fiber and the d user. The building on the left is the central office; the building on the right is one of the buildings served by the central office. Dotted rectangles represent separate living or office spaces within the same building.
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Fiber to the x (FTTX; also spelled “fiber”) or fiber in the loop is a generic term for any broadband network architecture that uses optical fiber to carry all or part of the local loop used for last-mile telecommunications. to provide. Since fiber optic cables can carry much more data than copper cables, especially over long distances, copper telephone networks built in the 20th century are being replaced by fiber.
FTTX is a realization for various configurations of fiber deployment, arranged in two groups: FTTP/FTTH/FTTB (fibre laid to the premises/house/building) and FTTC/N (fibre laid to the cabinet/node, with copper wires running the connection completed).
Residential areas already served by a balanced pair distribution plant require a trade-off between cost and capacity. The closer to the fiber head, the higher the cost of construction and the higher the channel capacity. In locations not served by metal facilities, little cost is saved by not running fiber to the home.
Fiber to the x is the key method used to manage next generation access (NGA), which describes a significant upgrade of the broadband available by making a step change in speed and quality of service. It is typically considered asymmetric with a download speed of 24 Mbit/s plus and a fast upload speed.
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Ofcom has defined superfast broadband as “broadband products that offer a maximum download speed greater than 24 Mbit/s – this threshold is generally considered to be the maximum speed that can be supported on current (copper-based) networks.”
A similar network called a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network is used by cable television operators, but is not usually synonymous with “fiber in the loop”, although similar advanced services are provided by the HFC networks. Fixed wireless and mobile wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX and 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) are an alternative for providing Internet access.
To promote consistency, especially when comparing FTTH penetration rates between countries, the three FTTH Councils of Europe, North America and Asia Pacific agreed on definitions for FTTH and FTTB in 2006,
While fiber optic cables can carry data at high speed over long distances, copper cables used in traditional telephone lines and ADSL cannot. For example, the common form of Gigabit Ethernet (1Gbit/s) runs over relatively economical Category 5e, Category 6, or Augmented Category 6 unshielded twisted-pair copper cables, but only up to 100 m (330 ft). However, 1 Gbit/s Ethernet over fiber can easily reach t kilometers. Therefore, FTTP has been chosen by every major communications provider in the world to carry data over long 1 Gbit/s symmetrical connections directly to consumer homes. FTTP configurations that bring fiber directly into the building can provide the highest speeds as the remaining segments can use standard Ethernet or coaxial cable.
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Fiber is often said to be “future-proof” because the data rate of the connection is usually limited by the terminal equipment rather than the fiber, allowing significant speed improvements through equipment upgrades before the fiber itself needs to be upgraded. However, the type and length of fibers used chos, e.g. multimode vs. single mode, is critical for applicability for future connections of more than 1 Gbit/s.
With the increasing popularity of high-definition, on-demand video streaming applications and devices such as YouTube, Netflix, Roku and Facebook LIVE, the demand for reliable bandwidth is crucial as more and more people start using these services.
FTTC (where fiber transitions to copper in a street cabinet) is usually too far from the users for standard ethernet configurations over existing copper cables. They usually use a very high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL) at downstream rates of 80 Mbit/s, but this drops extremely quickly if the distance exceeds 100 meters.
Fiber to the premises (FTTP) is a form of fiber optic communications delivery, in which an optical fiber is run in an optical distribution network from the central office to the premises occupied by the subscriber. The term “FTTP” has become ambiguous and can also refer to FTTC where the fiber terminates at a utility pole without reaching the premises.
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An apartment building can provide an example of the difference between FTTH and FTTB. If a fiber is run to a panel within each subscriber’s apartment unit, it is FTTH. If the fiber instead only goes up to the apartment building’s shared electrical room (either just to the ground floor or to each floor), it is FTTB.
Inside a FTTN or FTTC fiber box. The left side contains the fiber and a DSLAM, and the right side contains the copper and punch blocks for a form of DSL such as VDSL
Fiber to the curb/cabinet (FTTC) is a telecommunications system based on fiber optic cables running to a platform serving multiple customers. Each of these clients has a connection to this platform via coaxial cable or twisted pair. The “curb” is an abstraction and could just as easily mean a pole-mounted device or communications box or shed. Typically, any system terminating fiber within 1,000 ft (300 m) of the customer premises equipment will be described as FTTC.
Fiber to the node or neighborhood (FTTN), sometimes identified with and sometimes distinguished from fiber to the cabinet (FTTC),
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Is a telecommunications architecture based on fiber optic cables running to a cabinet serving a residential area. Customers typically connect to this cabinet using traditional coaxial cable or twisted pair wiring. The area served by the cabinet is usually less than one mile in radius and may contain several hundred customers. (If the cabinet serves an area less than 1,000 feet (300 m) in radius, the architecture is typically called FTTC/FTTK.)
FTTN allows delivery of broadband services such as high speed internet. High-speed communication protocols such as broadband cable access (typically DOCSIS) or some form of digital subscriber line (DSL) are used between the cabinet and the customers. Data rates vary according to the exact protocol used and how close the customer is to the cabinet.
Unlike FTTP, FTTN often uses existing coaxial or twisted-pair infrastructure to provide last-mile service and is therefore less expensive to deploy. In the long term, however, its bandwidth potential is limited relative to implementations that bring the fiber even closer to the subscriber.
A variant of this technique for cable television providers is used in a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) system. It is sometimes given the acronym FTTLA (fiber-to-the-last amplifier) which replaces analog amplifiers to the last one before the customer (or neighborhood of customers).
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FTTC allows delivery of broadband services such as high speed internet. Usually, existing wire is used with communication protocols such as broadband cable access (typically DOCSIS) or some form of DSL connecting the edge/cabinet and the customers. In these protocols, the data rates vary according to the exact protocol used and according to how close the customer is to the cabinet.
Where it is feasible to run new cables, both fiber and copper ethernet are capable of connecting the “curb” with a full 100Mbit/s or 1Gbit/s connection. With relatively inexpensive outdoor Category 5 copper over thousands of feet, all Ethernet protocols are supported, including Power over Ethernet (PoE)
. Most fixed wireless technologies rely on PoE, including Motorola Canopy, which has low-power radios that can operate on a 12VDC power source fed over several hundred feet of cable.
Power line network deployments also rely on FTTC. Using the IEEE P1901 protocol (or its predecessor HomePlug AV), existing electrical service cables travel up to 1Gbit/s from the curb/pole/cabinet to every AC electrical outlet in the home—coverage equivalent to robust Wi-Fi implementation, with the added benefit of a single cable for power and data.
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By avoiding new cable and its costs and liabilities, FTTC costs less to deploy. However, it has also historically had a lower bandwidth potential than FTTP. In practice, the relative advantage of fiber depends on the bandwidth available for backhaul, usage-based billing constraints that prevent full use of last-mile capabilities, and customer premises equipment and maintenance constraints, and the cost of operating fiber can vary widely with geography and type of building.
In the United States and Canada, the largest deployment of FTTC was carried out by BellSouth Telecommunications. With the acquisition of BellSouth by AT&T, the deployment of FTTC d. Future deployments will be based on either FTTN or FTTP. Existing FTTC plant can be removed and replaced with FTTP.
Verizon, meanwhile, announced in March 2010 that they were ending Verizon FiOS expansion, concentrating on completing their network in areas that already had FiOS franchises but had not rolled out to new areas, suggesting that FTTH was uneconomic outside of these areas were.
Verizon also announced (at CES 2010) its attempt
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